La primera mención que se posee de los santos mártires Facundo y Primitivo es del año 652, fecha en que algunas de sus reliquias fueron depositadas en una basílica de Guadix (Granada). Todo hace suponer que para entonces debía de existir un monasterio junto a su sepulcro, a orillas del río Cea, en la actual provincia de León. Restaurado por Alfonso III el año 872 y de nuevo en 905, su iglesia fue solemnemente consagrada el 29 de junio del año 935. La importancia creciente de este monasterio debió de ser la causa de la composición, a mediados del siglo x, de una passio sobre el martirio de sus santos titulares, de los que nada se sabía. De hecho, el texto no ofrece ningún dato histórico aprovechable y ni siquiera se puede asegurar la fecha en que padecieron la muerte. En el siglo xiii se hizo de estos dos santos hijos de san Marcelo de León. Su fiesta se celebra el 27 de noviembre.
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