La primera noticia sobre el mártir Acisclo la ofrece el poeta Prudencio, que escribe entre los años 398- 405. Su culto tuvo origen en Córdoba, junto a su sepulcro, pero nada se sabe sobre la fecha y circunstancias de su martirio, salvo, quizás, que padeció bajo un prefecto de la ciudad llamado Dión. Al celebrarse su fiesta el 17 de noviembre, su nombre aparece siempre en los libros litúrgicos hispanos al comienzo del Adviento, tiempo litúrgico que comenzaba ese día.
Hasta el siglo ix no hay ninguna mención a su compañera Victoria, que no es sino una santa africana que nada tiene que ver con Acisclo, salvo la coincidencia de ser celebrada el 17 de noviembre. Por la misma época se compuso una pasión fabulosa que los hace hermanos, decapitados en el anfiteatro de Córdoba durante una persecución imprecisa. A pesar de esta falta de noticias, la historicidad de Acisclo parece fuera de toda duda.
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